A result without uncertainty is an incomplete result.

ISO/IEC 17025:2017 requires accredited laboratories to report measurement uncertainty for all analytical results. In geochemical practice, however, uncertainty is seldom included on Certificates of Analysis and is frequently not calculated.

A result reported without measurement uncertainty is considered technically incomplete and non- compliant under ISO/IEC 17025.

Measurement uncertainty expresses the range of values reasonably attributable to a result. It incorporates, but is not limited to, calibration uncertainty, method precision, matrix effects, CRM bias, and sample heterogeneity

For resource reporting, analytical uncertainty is a direct input to resource classification confidence. The absence of documented uncertainty introduces material risk to technical reporting and regulatory compliance.